smooth

Definition

Smooth is a subjective term that describes the degree of roughness or smoothness of a surface. It is often used to describe the surface of objects or materials.

In science, smooth can be quantified using a variety of methods, such as surface profilometry or atomic force microscopy. These methods can measure the height and slope of the surface, as well as the size and distribution of any roughness features.

Smooth surfaces are often used in science because they can help to reduce friction. Friction is the force that opposes the movement of two surfaces that are in contact with each other. Reducing friction can help to improve the efficiency of machines and devices.

Smooth surfaces are also often used in optical devices, such as mirrors and lenses. This is because smooth surfaces reflect or transmit light more efficiently than rough surfaces.

How can the word be used?

The road was smooth and free of bumps.

Different forms of the word

Adjective:

having a surface without bumps or ridges.
not rough or harsh.
easy and effortless.

Verb:

to make smooth.
to make something easier or more effortless.

Etymology

The word "smooth" comes from the Old English word "smōth", which also means "smooth".

The first recorded use of the word "smooth" in English was in the 8th century.

The word "smooth" is an Old English word, and it is related to the Dutch word "glad" and the German word "glatt".

Question

What does smooth mean?

AQA Science Exam Question and Answer

Question:

Explain the concept of a smooth surface in the context of optics and reflection, highlighting how it influences the behaviour of light when interacting with different materials.

Answer:

In optics, a smooth surface refers to a surface that is free from irregularities, bumps, or roughness. When light interacts with a smooth surface, its behaviour during reflection is influenced by the principles of specular reflection.

Specular reflection occurs when light rays strike a smooth surface and bounce off at predictable angles, such as the angle of incidence being equal to the angle of reflection. This phenomenon is commonly observed in mirrors, where the smoothness of the reflective surface ensures that the reflected light creates a clear and undistorted image.

The smoothness of a surface plays a crucial role in determining the quality of reflected light. A smoother surface results in more organised and coherent reflections, leading to sharper images. In contrast, rough surfaces scatter light in multiple directions, causing diffuse reflection and reducing image clarity.

Understanding the behaviour of light on smooth surfaces is vital in various applications, including optics, photography, and engineering. The study of how light interacts with different materials allows scientists and engineers to design and optimize devices that rely on reflection, such as mirrors, lenses, and optical systems, ensuring optimal performance and accurate imaging.