x-ray
Definition
X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than that of visible light but longer than that of gamma rays. They are produced when high-energy electrons are accelerated and strike a metal target.
X-rays can pass through matter, but they are absorbed by different materials to different degrees. Bones, for example, absorb X-rays much more than soft tissue. This allows X-rays to be used to create images of the inside of the body.
X-rays are used in a variety of medical applications, including:
- Diagnosing broken bones
- Detecting cancer
- Monitoring the growth of bones and teeth
- Viewing the heart and lungs
- X-rays can also be used in industrial applications, such as:
- Detecting flaws in metal parts
- Inspecting luggage for contraband
- Studying the structure of materials
How can the word be used?
The x-ray showed that I had a hairline fracture.
Different forms of the word
Noun: x-ray (plural: x-rays).
- a type of electromagnetic radiation.
- X-ray machine.
Adjective: x-ray.
Verb: to x-ray.
- to examine with x-rays.
Etymology
The word "x-ray" is a calque of the German word "X-Strahl", coined by Wilhelm Röntgen upon his discovery of the rays in 1895, with "X" signifying their unknown nature.
The letter "X" in "X-ray" is used as a placeholder for an unknown quantity or entity. In the case of X-rays, the unknown quantity was the nature of the rays themselves. Röntgen did not know what the rays were made of or how they worked, but he knew that they could penetrate materials that were opaque to visible light.
Question
What are x-rays used for?
AQA Science Exam Question and Answer
Question:
Explain the principles of X-ray imaging and its significance in medical diagnostics. Discuss the potential risks associated with X-ray exposure and the measures taken to ensure patient safety.
Answer:
X-ray imaging is a widely used medical technique that allows physicians to visualise the internal structures of the human body. It operates on the principle that X-rays, a form of electromagnetic radiation, can pass through soft tissues but are absorbed by denser structures like bones and organs, creating an image on a detector.
In medical diagnostics, X-ray imaging provides valuable insights into various conditions, such as fractures, tumours, and lung infections. By capturing detailed images of anatomical structures, doctors can make accurate diagnoses and develop appropriate treatment plans.
However, X-ray exposure carries potential risks due to the ionizing nature of X-ray radiation. Prolonged or excessive exposure can damage cells and DNA, potentially leading to an increased risk of cancer or other health issues. To mitigate these risks, strict safety measures are implemented. Patients are typically exposed to the lowest possible dose of radiation, and lead aprons or shields may be used to protect sensitive areas.
Moreover, advancements in technology have led to digital X-ray systems that further reduce radiation exposure while maintaining image quality. Medical professionals undergo specialised training to ensure proper use of X-ray equipment and minimise patient and staff exposure.