weathering
Definition
Weathering is the process by which rocks and minerals on Earth's surface are broken down into smaller pieces. This can happen through a variety of physical and chemical processes.
Physical weathering is the breakdown of rocks without changing their chemical composition. This can be caused by things like water, ice, wind, and gravity. For example, water can seep into cracks in rocks and freeze, expanding and causing the rocks to break apart. Ice sheets can also scrape away at rocks, and wind can blow sand and other particles that can wear down rocks.
Chemical weathering is the breakdown of rocks through chemical reactions. This can be caused by things like acids, salt, and oxygen. For example, acids in the soil can dissolve rocks, and salt can cause rocks to crack and break apart.
Weathering is an important process that helps to shape the Earth's surface. It also helps to create new soil, which plants need to grow.
How can the word be used?
The weathering of rocks can create new landforms.
Different forms of the word
Noun: the process by which rocks are broken down and changed by the actions of the atmosphere, water, and ice.
Verb: to break down or change rocks by the actions of the atmosphere, water, and ice.
Etymology
The word "weathering" comes from the combination of the words "weather" and "-ing".
The word "weather" comes from the Old English word "weðer", which means "wind" or "atmosphere".
The suffix "-ing" is a suffix that means "the action of" or "the state of being".
The first recorded use of the word "weathering" was in the 17th century.
Question
What is weathering?
AQA Science Exam Question and Answer
Question:
Explain the process of weathering and its role in shaping Earth's surface. Discuss the differences between mechanical and chemical weathering and provide examples of each.
Answer:
Weathering is a fundamental geological process that plays a pivotal role in shaping the Earth's surface over time. It involves the breakdown and alteration of rocks and minerals, leading to the gradual transformation of landscapes.
Mechanical weathering, also known as physical weathering, involves the physical disintegration of rocks without changing their chemical composition. Examples include frost action, where water seeps into cracks, freezes, and expands, causing the rock to fragment; exfoliation, where layers of rock peel away due to pressure release; and abrasion, where rock surfaces are worn down by the friction of wind, water, or moving particles.
Chemical weathering, in contrast, alters the chemical composition of rocks through reactions with substances like water, acids, or gases. An example is the dissolution of limestone by acidic rainwater, forming caves and sinkholes. Another instance is oxidation, where iron-rich minerals react with oxygen and water to form iron oxide, commonly known as rust.
Both mechanical and chemical weathering contribute to the breakdown of rocks into smaller particles, which, over time, become soil. Weathering also exposes fresh surfaces to erosion by wind, water, and other agents, further shaping the Earth's surface features.