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vitamin

Primary Information
Secondary Information

Definition

Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential for the normal functioning of the body. They are not produced by the body and must be obtained from the diet.

There are 13 essential vitamins: A, C, D, E, K, and the B vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, folate, and cobalamin). Each vitamin plays a different role in the body.

Vitamins are classified as either fat-soluble or water-soluble. Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) are stored in the body's fat tissues. Water-soluble vitamins (C and B vitamins) are not stored in the body and must be consumed regularly.

Vitamin deficiency can lead to a variety of health problems. For example, vitamin A deficiency can cause night blindness, while vitamin C deficiency can cause scurvy.

Vitamin toxicity can also occur, but it is less common than deficiency. Too much of some vitamins can be harmful, so it is important to get the right amount from your diet.

How can the word be used?

The doctor prescribed a vitamin supplement.

vitamin

Different forms of the word

Noun: a nutrient that is essential for normal growth and development, and is required in small amounts in the diet.

Adjective: of or relating to vitamins.

Etymology

The word "vitamin" comes from the Latin word "vita", which means "life".

The first recorded use of the word "vitamin" in English was in 1912.

Question

Name 3 foods and identify what vitamins they contain.

AQA Science Exam Question and Answer

Question:

Explain the importance of vitamins in maintaining good health. Provide an example of a water-soluble and a fat-soluble vitamin, and describe their roles in the body.

Answer:

Vitamins are essential organic compounds required in small amounts for various physiological functions that contribute to maintaining good health. They play vital roles as coenzymes, supporting enzymatic reactions, and aiding in the proper functioning of metabolic processes.

An example of a water-soluble vitamin is vitamin C, which supports the immune system, promotes collagen synthesis for skin health, and acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from oxidative stress. As it dissolves in water, excess amounts are excreted in the urine, necessitating regular intake through foods like citrus fruits, strawberries, and peppers.

Conversely, a fat-soluble vitamin, such as vitamin D, regulates calcium absorption, bone health, and immune system modulation. Vitamin D is synthesized when the skin is exposed to sunlight and can also be obtained from dietary sources like fatty fish and fortified foods. Unlike water-soluble vitamins, fat-soluble vitamins can be stored in the body's fat tissues and liver, potentially leading to toxicity if consumed excessively.