tundra
Definition
Tundra is a cold, treeless region found in the Arctic and Antarctic. It is characterized by a short growing season, low-growing plants, and permafrost.
The tundra is a harsh environment, but it is home to a variety of plants and animals. Plants that grow in the tundra are adapted to the cold climate and the short growing season. They have shallow roots that can reach the thawed soil in the summer, and they have ways to conserve water. Animals that live in the tundra are also adapted to the cold climate. They have thick fur or feathers to keep them warm, and they have ways to store food for the winter.
The tundra is a fragile ecosystem. It is easily damaged by human activities, such as oil drilling and mining.
How can the word be used?
The tundra is home to a variety of plants and animals, including caribou, muskoxen, and lemmings.
Different forms of the word
Noun:
a treeless Arctic region with a permanently frozen subsoil.
Adjective:
of or relating to the tundra.
Etymology
The word "tundra" comes from the Kildin Sami word "tūndâr", which means "uplands", "treeless mountain tract".
The first recorded use of the word "tundra" in English was in 1841.
The word "tundra" is a Kildin Sami word, and it is related to the Finnish word "tunturi" and the Norwegian word "tundra".
Question
What is tundra?
AQA Science Exam Question and Answer
Question:
Define the tundra biome and explain its unique characteristics and adaptations of organisms to this environment. Describe the challenges that plants and animals face in the tundra and how they have evolved to survive in such conditions.
Answer:
The tundra biome is a vast, cold, and treeless ecosystem found in the Arctic and Alpine regions. It is characterised by its harsh climate, with extremely low temperatures and a short growing season.
Organisms in the tundra have evolved unique adaptations to survive in this challenging environment. Plants, such as mosses, lichens, and low-growing shrubs, have shallow roots to access the thin layer of soil above the permafrost. They also have dark pigments to absorb sunlight and retain heat. Animals, like the Arctic fox and snowy owl, have thick fur or feathers for insulation and camouflage. Some species, like caribou and musk oxen, migrate in search of food during different seasons.
Tundra organisms face several challenges due to extreme conditions. The cold temperatures limit the availability of liquid water, and the permafrost prevents deep root growth. Short growing seasons and strong winds also affect plant growth and reproduction. Herbivores must adapt to the scarcity of vegetation, and carnivores rely on them for food.
Despite these challenges, tundra ecosystems are crucial for biodiversity and contribute to global processes such as carbon storage. The unique adaptations of organisms showcase the remarkable resilience of life in extreme environments and highlight the interconnectedness of ecosystems.