soft
Definition
Soft is a subjective term that describes the degree of hardness or softness of an object. It is often used to describe the texture of materials, such as fabrics, foods, and rocks.
In science, softness can be quantified using a variety of methods, such as hardness testing or penetration testing. These methods measure the amount of force required to deform or penetrate an object.
Soft materials have a low hardness and can be easily deformed or penetrated. Hard materials have a high hardness and are difficult to deform or penetrate.
The softness of a material can be important for its function. For example, soft materials are often used for cushioning or insulation. Hard materials are often used for strength or durability.
How can the word be used?
The pillow is soft.
Different forms of the word
Adjective:
- not hard or firm.
- not harsh or severe.
- easy to do or deal with.
Noun:
- something that is soft.
Etymology
The word "soft" comes from the Old English word "sœfte", which also means "soft".
The first recorded use of the word "soft" in English was in the 8th century.
The word "soft" is an Old English word, and it is related to the Dutch word "zacht" and the German word "weich".
Question
What does soft mean?
AQA Science Exam Question and Answer
Question:
Explain the concept of hardness and softness in materials, focusing on the factors that determine a material's softness and how it relates to its atomic structure.
Answer:
The terms "hardness" and "softness" refer to the relative resistance of a material to deformation or indentation. These properties are influenced by a material's atomic structure and the forces between its constituent atoms.
Softness is characterised by a material's ability to undergo significant deformation under a small applied force. This often indicates weak atomic bonds or low intermolecular forces. Materials with a less orderly atomic arrangement, such as amorphous solids or certain polymers, tend to be softer due to the absence of strong bonding networks.
In contrast, hardness is linked to strong atomic bonds and a well-organised atomic lattice. Crystalline structures, like those found in metals and minerals, often exhibit greater hardness due to the presence of tightly packed atoms and strong intermolecular forces. The arrangement of atoms in a lattice enhances the material's ability to resist deformation, resulting in higher hardness.
The Mohs scale, for instance, quantifies mineral hardness based on their resistance to scratching. Diamond, with its strong carbon-carbon bonds and orderly lattice, ranks as the hardest mineral.