refraction
Definition
Refraction is the bending of a wavefront as it passes from one medium to another. This happens because the speed of the wave is different in the two media. The amount of bending depends on the angle of incidence of the wave and the difference in refractive indices of the two media.
In the case of light, refraction occurs when light travels from a rarer medium (such as air) to a denser medium (such as water). The light slows down when it enters the denser medium, and this causes it to bend. The amount of bending is greater for a larger angle of incidence.
Refraction is a very important phenomenon in physics and engineering. It is used in many optical devices, such as lenses, prisms, and telescopes. It is also used in navigation, surveying, and other fields.
How can the word be used?
The lens in the camera refracts the light, allowing us to see a clear image.
Different forms of the word
Noun:
- the bending of light or other waves as they pass from one medium to another.
Etymology
The word "refraction" comes from the Latin word "refractio", which means "a breaking up".
The first recorded use of the word "refraction" in English was in the 16th century.
Question
What causes refraction?
AQA Science Exam Question and Answer
Question:
Explain the concept of refraction of light and provide an example of its occurrence in daily life.
Answer:
Refraction of light is the bending of light rays as they pass from one transparent medium to another, such as from air to water or glass. This bending occurs because the speed of light changes when it enters a different medium due to differences in the medium's density. When light enters the new medium at an angle, its change in speed causes it to change direction.
An everyday example of refraction is the way a straw appears bent when partially submerged in a glass of water. This occurs because light from the submerged part of the straw enters the air-water boundary at an angle, slowing down as it moves from water to air. This change in speed causes the light to bend, creating the illusion that the straw is bent at the water's surface.
Refraction has significant applications in various optical devices and technologies, like lenses in eyeglasses, microscopes, and camera lenses. It's also responsible for the stunning visual effects seen in rainbows and mirages. Understanding refraction helps us interpret how light behaves when it encounters different mediums, contributing to both our comprehension of natural phenomena and technological advancements.