polymer
Definition
A polymer is a large molecule made up of repeating units of smaller molecules called monomers. The monomers are linked together by chemical bonds. The number of monomers in a polymer can vary greatly, from a few dozen to millions.
Polymers can be natural, such as DNA and proteins, or synthetic, such as plastic and nylon. Natural polymers are found in all living things. They are used to build cells, tissues, and organs. Synthetic polymers are made by humans. They are used to make a wide variety of products, including clothing, furniture, and electronics.
Polymers have many different properties. They can be strong, flexible, or even transparent. They can also be water-resistant or heat-resistant. The properties of a polymer depend on the type of monomers that it is made from and how the monomers are linked together.
Polymers are an important part of our lives. They are used to make everything from clothing to computers. Polymers are also used in many medical applications, such as artificial limbs and heart valves.
How can the word be used?
The properties of polymers can be varied by changing the type of monomers used.
Different forms of the word
Noun: a substance or material consisting of very large molecules called macromolecules, composed of many repeating structural units.
Adjective: relating to or consisting of polymers.
Etymology
The word "polymer" comes from the Greek words "poly" (many) and "meros" (part). The term was coined in 1833 by the Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius.
Question
What is a polymer?
AQA Science Exam Question and Answer
Question:
Define a polymer and explain the process of polymerisation. Provide examples of common polymers and discuss their importance in everyday products.
Answer:
A polymer is a large molecule composed of repeating smaller units called monomers, connected through chemical bonds. Polymers can vary in size, structure, and properties, and they are found in a wide range of natural and synthetic materials.
Polymerisation is the process by which monomers join together to form a polymer. This can occur through various methods, such as addition polymerisation, where monomers with double bonds react to form long chains, or condensation polymerisation, where monomers with functional groups release smaller molecules (e.g., water) as they bond.
Common examples of polymers include polyethene, used in plastic bags and bottles; polyvinyl chloride (PVC), used in pipes and vinyl records; and nylon, used in textiles and toothbrush bristles.
Polymers are integral to our everyday lives. They're used in clothing, packaging, medical devices, electronics, and more. The diverse range of properties that polymers can exhibit, such as flexibility, strength, and electrical conductivity, make them adaptable for various applications.
Understanding polymers and their synthesis helps us develop new materials with specific properties, contributing to advancements in technology, medicine, and sustainability. As we explore ways to create polymers with desired characteristics and minimise their environmental impact, we pave the way for innovative solutions in diverse fields.