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phosphorus

Primary Information
Secondary Information

Definition

Phosphorus is a non-metal element with the symbol P and atomic number 15. It is the 11th most abundant element in the Earth's crust. Phosphorus is a white, waxy solid at room temperature. It is very reactive and can form many different compounds.

Phosphorus is essential for life. It is a component of DNA and RNA, the molecules that store genetic information. Phosphorus is also a component of ATP, the molecule that cells use to store energy.

Phosphorus is also important for the environment. It is a component of bones and teeth, and it helps to regulate the body's metabolism. Phosphorus is also found in fertilisers, which are used to help plants grow.

Too much phosphorus in the environment can be harmful. When phosphorus enters waterways, it can cause algae blooms. Algae blooms can block sunlight from reaching underwater plants, which can lead to the death of these plants. This can cause a loss of biodiversity and can also lead to fish kills.

Phosphorus pollution can also come from agricultural runoff. When farmers use fertilizers, some of the phosphorus in the fertilizers can run off into waterways. This can lead to algae blooms and other problems.

It is important to manage phosphorus levels in the environment. This can be done by using fertilisers wisely and by preventing runoff from agricultural fields.

How can the word be used?

Phosphorus is found in many different places in nature, including rocks, minerals, plants, and animals.

phosphorus

Different forms of the word

Noun:

  • phosphorus (a chemical element with the atomic number 15, symbol P).
  • phosphorescence (the emission of light by a substance after it has been exposed to light or other form of radiation).
  • phosphorescent (emitting light after exposure to light or other form of radiation).

Adjective:

  • phosphorous (of or relating to phosphorus).

Etymology

The word "phosphorus" comes from the Greek word "phosphoros", which means "light-bearer". The word "phosphoros" is derived from the words "phos" (light) and "phoros" (bearer).

The word "phosphorus" was first used in English in the 16th century. It was used to refer to a substance that glowed in the dark.

The word "phosphorescence" is derived from the word "phosphorus". It is the emission of light by a substance after it has been exposed to light or other form of radiation. Phosphorescence is different from fluorescence, which is the emission of light by a substance immediately after it has been exposed to light.

The word "phosphorescent" is also derived from the word "phosphorus". It describes a substance that glows in the dark.

Question

What is phosphorus used for?

AQA Science Exam Question and Answer

Question:

Discuss the importance of phosphorus in ecosystems and its role in supporting plant growth. Explain how the phosphorus cycle operates, highlighting the sources, transformations, and impact on maintaining balanced ecosystems.

Answer:

Phosphorus is a crucial element for life and ecosystems, particularly in supporting plant growth and overall ecological balance. It is an essential component of DNA, RNA, and ATP, providing energy and participating in various biochemical processes.

The phosphorus cycle is integral to maintaining phosphorus availability in ecosystems. Weathering of rocks releases phosphorus into soil, from which plants absorb it through their roots. As plants are consumed by herbivores and pass through the food chain, phosphorus is transferred to higher trophic levels.

When plants and animals die, decomposition releases phosphorus back into the soil. Over time, geological processes may uplift and expose rocks, restarting the cycle. Human activities, such as agriculture and the use of fertilisers, have accelerated the release of phosphorus into water bodies, leading to eutrophication.

Eutrophication occurs when excess phosphorus, mainly from runoff, causes algae blooms and oxygen depletion in water bodies, disrupting aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, understanding the phosphorus cycle and managing human impacts are vital for maintaining balanced ecosystems and preventing ecological disruptions.