painkiller
Definition
A painkiller is a medication that is used to reduce or relieve pain. Painkillers work by blocking the transmission of pain signals from the affected area to the brain. This can help to make pain less severe or even go away altogether.
There are many different types of painkillers, each with its own mechanism of action. Some common types of painkillers include:
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): NSAIDs work by blocking the production of prostaglandins, which are chemicals that cause inflammation and pain.
- Opioids: Opioids work by binding to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord. This blocks pain signals from reaching the brain.
- Acetaminophen: Acetaminophen works by blocking the production of a chemical called cyclooxygenase, which is involved in the production of pain signals.
- Painkillers can be used to treat a variety of pains, including headaches, muscle aches, toothaches, and pain caused by surgery or injury. They can also be used to treat chronic pain, such as pain caused by arthritis or cancer.
It is important to take painkillers as directed by a doctor. Too much painkillers can be dangerous. Painkillers can also interact with other medications, so it is important to tell your doctor about all the medications you are taking before taking a painkiller.
How can the word be used?
Ibuprofen is a common painkiller.
Different forms of the word
Noun:
- painkiller
- analgesic
- anodyne
- palliative
Verb:
- to kill pain
- to relieve pain
- to mitigate pain
Adjective:
- painkilling
- analgesic
- anodyne
- palliative
Etymology
The word "painkiller" is derived from the Old English words "pān" (pain) and "ciller" (killer). The first recorded use of the word "painkiller" was in the 16th century.
Question
What is a painkiller?
AQA Science Exam Question and Answer
Question:
Describe the mechanism of action of painkillers and how they provide relief from pain. Discuss potential risks and limitations associated with their use.
Answer:
Painkillers, also known as analgesics, alleviate pain by targeting various stages of the pain transmission process. Non-opioid painkillers, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), inhibit the production of prostaglandins—chemicals that sensitise pain receptors and promote inflammation. By reducing prostaglandin levels, NSAIDs like ibuprofen mitigate pain and inflammation.
Opioid painkillers, on the other hand, bind to specific receptors in the brain and spinal cord known as opioid receptors. This binding inhibits the transmission of pain signals, effectively reducing the perception of pain. Examples include morphine and codeine.
However, the use of painkillers is not without risks. NSAIDs can lead to gastrointestinal issues and kidney problems, especially with prolonged use. Opioid painkillers carry a significant risk of addiction and overdose, as they can trigger euphoria and respiratory depression.
Moreover, extended reliance on painkillers may mask underlying medical conditions, delaying appropriate treatment. It's crucial to follow recommended dosages and durations and consult healthcare professionals when using painkillers, especially for chronic pain. Balancing the benefits of pain relief with the potential risks is essential to ensure safe and effective pain management.