neanderthal
Definition
Neanderthals were a species of hominin that lived in Europe and parts of Asia from about 400,000 to 40,000 years ago. They were closely related to modern humans, but they had some physical differences, such as thicker skulls, shorter necks, and larger brow ridges. Neanderthals also had a different brain structure than modern humans, with larger frontal lobes.
Neanderthals were skilled hunters and gatherers. They lived in small groups and built shelters out of rocks and branches. Neanderthals also made tools from stone, bone, and antler. They were capable of complex thought and planning, and they may have even had a form of language.
The reasons for the disappearance of Neanderthals are still debated, but it is likely that a combination of factors contributed to their extinction. These factors may have included competition with modern humans, changes in the environment, and diseases.
Neanderthals are fascinating creatures, and their study has shed light on our own evolution. They were intelligent and adaptable beings who made significant contributions to human culture. Their disappearance is a reminder of the fragility of life and the importance of preserving our own species.
How can the word be used?
Neanderthals were skilled hunters and gatherers, and they lived in complex societies.
Different forms of the word
Noun: A species of archaic humans that lived in Europe and western Asia from about 200,000 to 30,000 years ago.
Adjective: Relating to Neanderthals.
Derivative: Neanderthalensis.
Etymology
The word "Neanderthal" comes from the German word "Neanderthal," which is the name of a valley in Germany where the first Neanderthal remains were found in 1856. The German word "Neanderthal" is derived from the Greek words "neos" (new) and "thalos" (valley).
Question
Who were neanderthals?
AQA Science Exam Question and Answer
Question:
Explain the significance of Neanderthals in the context of human evolution and their relationship to modern humans. Provide key characteristics and evidence of their existence.
Answer:
Neanderthals hold a significant place in the study of human evolution. They were a distinct species of hominins closely related to modern humans, Homo sapiens. Neanderthals lived in Europe and parts of Asia from around 400,000 to 40,000 years ago.
Key characteristics of Neanderthals included a robust build, adapted for cold climates, with stocky bodies and shorter limbs to minimize heat loss. They possessed a larger brains than modern humans, suggesting advanced cognitive capabilities. Neanderthals were skilled hunters, utilising tools and demonstrating evidence of social behaviours, burial practices, and symbolic expression.
Genetic studies have shown that Neanderthals interbred with early modern humans who migrated out of Africa. This interbreeding led to a small amount of Neanderthal DNA present in the genomes of non-African populations today. Archaeological sites have provided artefacts, tools, and even skeletal remains that shed light on Neanderthal lifestyles and cultural practices.
Understanding Neanderthals enriches our comprehension of the diverse pathways that shaped human evolution. They represent a remarkable example of human adaptability and complexity, offering insights into our own origins and the factors that contributed to the survival and expansion of our species.