mineral
Definition
A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a definite chemical composition and a crystalline structure.
The chemical composition of a mineral is determined by the elements that it is made of. The elements that make up a mineral are bonded together in a specific way, which gives the mineral its crystalline structure.
The crystalline structure of a mineral determines its physical properties, such as its hardness, lustre, and cleavage. The hardness of a mineral is a measure of how difficult it is to scratch. The lustre of a mineral is the way it reflects light. The cleavage of a mineral is the way it breaks along smooth planes.
There are over 4,000 different minerals known to science. Some of the most common minerals include:
- Quartz: Quartz is a hard, clear mineral that is used in many different products, such as watches, jewellery, and electronics.
- Feldspar: Feldspar is a common mineral that is used in making pottery and glass.
- Mica: Mica is a soft, flaky mineral that is used in electrical insulation and as a lubricant.
- Gypsum: Gypsum is a soft, white mineral that is used to make plaster and drywall.
- Calcite: Calcite is a soft, clear mineral that is used in making limestone and marble.
How can the word be used?
The ore was mined for its mineral content.
Different forms of the word
Noun: A naturally occurring, inorganic substance with a defined chemical composition and a crystalline structure.
Adjective: Relating to minerals or mineral resources.
Verb: To extract minerals from the earth.
Etymology
The word "mineral" comes from the Latin word "mineralis," which means "pertaining to mines." The word "mineralis" is derived from the Latin word "minäre," which means "to mine.".
The word "mineral" was first used in English in the 14th century. It was originally used to describe any substance that was extracted from the earth, including metals, gemstones, and rocks.
Question
What is a mineral?
AQA Science Exam Question and Answer
Question:
Explain the concept of minerals in the context of geology and their importance in various geological processes. Provide examples of commonly found minerals and their uses.
Answer:
Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic substances with a defined chemical composition and crystal structure. They are fundamental components of the Earth's crust and play a vital role in geological processes and human activities.
Minerals are formed through geological processes such as crystallization from molten rock (igneous), precipitation from water (sedimentary), and alteration due to heat and pressure (metamorphic). They contribute to the formation of rocks, which are aggregates of minerals.
Some commonly found minerals include quartz, feldspar, mica, and calcite. Quartz is abundant and has various uses, including in the production of glass and electronics. Feldspar is essential in ceramics and glass-making. Mica is used in electrical insulation and cosmetics, while calcite is a primary component of limestone and marble.
Minerals also play a crucial role in Earth's dynamics. For instance, minerals like magnetite and hematite are responsible for the Earth's magnetic field. Minerals in rocks contribute to weathering, erosion, and soil formation, shaping the Earth's surface.