microorganism
Definition
A microorganism is a living organism that is too small to be seen with the naked eye. Microorganisms are classified into three main groups: bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes.
Bacteria are the simplest type of microorganism. They are single-celled organisms that do not have a nucleus. Archaea are similar to bacteria, but they have some different features. Eukaryotes are more complex than bacteria and archaea. They have a nucleus and other specialised organelles.
Microorganisms can be found in all environments, from the air to the soil to the ocean. They play an important role in the environment by breaking down waste, recycling nutrients, and producing food. Microorganisms are also important for human health. Some microorganisms can cause diseases, but others are beneficial. For example, the bacteria in our gut help us to digest food.
The study of microorganisms is called microbiology. Microbiology is a rapidly growing field of science, and scientists are learning new things about microorganisms all the time. This knowledge is helping us to develop new ways to prevent and treat diseases and to improve our understanding of the environment.
How can the word be used?
The infection was caused by a microorganism.
Different forms of the word
Noun: A very small organism that can only be seen with a microscope.
Adjective: Relating to microorganisms.
Verb: To infect with microorganisms.
Etymology
The word “microorganism” is a compound word that is made up of the Greek words “mikro” (small) and “organism” (living thing). The word “microorganism” was first used in the 19th century by scientists to describe very small organisms that could only be seen with a microscope.
Question
What is a microorganism?
AQA Science Exam Question and Answer
Question:
Explain the significance of microorganisms in both natural ecosystems and industrial processes. Provide examples of how microorganisms contribute to these contexts.
Answer:
Microorganisms, or microbes, are tiny living organisms that have a profound impact on both natural ecosystems and various industrial processes. Despite their small size, microorganisms play essential roles in maintaining ecological balance and driving technological advancements.
In natural ecosystems, microorganisms are critical for nutrient cycling and decomposition. They break down organic matter, releasing nutrients like carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus back into the environment, which plants then utilise for growth. Microbes also form symbiotic relationships with plants, aiding in nutrient uptake and disease resistance.
Microorganisms are also integral to industrial processes. In biotechnology, microbes are used to produce a wide range of products, such as antibiotics, enzymes, and biofuels. For instance, bacteria like Escherichia coli are engineered to produce insulin for diabetes treatment. Additionally, microorganisms are used in wastewater treatment to break down pollutants, contributing to environmental sustainability.
In food production, microorganisms are employed in processes like fermentation to make products like yoghurt, cheese, and bread. Yeast, a microorganism, is used to ferment sugars into alcohol during brewing and winemaking.