metal
Definition
Metals are a class of chemical elements that are typically shiny, hard, and good conductors of heat and electricity. They are also typically ductile, meaning they can be drawn into wires, and malleable, meaning they can be hammered into sheets.
Metals are made up of atoms that have a high number of valence electrons. Valence electrons are electrons that are on the outermost shell of an atom. The high number of valence electrons in metal atoms allows them to form strong bonds with each other. This is what gives metals their strength and durability.
The regular arrangement of atoms in metals also gives them a shiny appearance. The atoms in a metal are arranged in a lattice, which is a regular pattern of repeating units. This lattice reflects light in all directions, giving metals their shiny appearance.
Metals are also good conductors of heat and electricity because of the way their electrons are arranged. The valence electrons in metal atoms are free to move around, which allows them to carry heat and electricity.
Metals are an important part of our world. They are used to make everything from cars and buildings to jewellery and electronics. Metals are also essential for life, as they are found in many important biological molecules.
How can the word be used?
The metal beam was used to support the roof.
Different forms of the word
Noun: A solid material that is typically shiny, malleable, and ductile, and that conducts electricity and heat well.
Adjective: Relating to or resembling a metal.
Verb: To cover or furnish with metal.
Etymology
The word "metal" comes from the Ancient Greek word "metallon", which means "mine, quarry, metal". The Greek word "metallon" is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *métal-, which means "to mine".
The literal meaning of the word "metal" is "that which is got by mining". This is because metals were originally obtained from mines.
Question
What objects can be made from metal?
AQA Science Exam Question and Answer
Question:
Define a metal and explain its unique properties compared to non-metals. Provide examples of common metals and discuss their applications in everyday life.
Answer:
A metal is a class of elements known for their distinctive properties, which include high electrical conductivity, malleability, ductility, and lustrous appearance. These properties are a result of the arrangement of metal atoms and their ability to easily share electrons.
In contrast to non-metals, metals generally have low ionization energies, meaning they readily lose electrons to form positively charged ions (cations). This electron behaviour is the basis for their excellent electrical conductivity. Metals also tend to be solid at room temperature, with the exception of mercury.
Examples of common metals include iron, copper, aluminium, and gold. Iron is used extensively in the construction, manufacturing, and transportation industries due to its strength and versatility. Copper's excellent electrical conductivity makes it ideal for wiring and electronics. Aluminium's low density and corrosion resistance make it suitable for aircraft and packaging. Gold's malleability and resistance to corrosion have led to its use in jewellery and electronics.
Metals' properties make them essential in various aspects of daily life, from infrastructure to technology. Their ability to conduct electricity, withstand mechanical stress, and resist environmental factors underscores their significance in modern society.