mate
Definition
In science, mate refers to the process of two animals or plants coming together to reproduce. When animals mate, they exchange genetic material, which is the information that determines their physical characteristics and behaviours. This genetic material is passed on to the offspring, which is how new generations of animals are created.
The process of mating in animals can vary depending on the species. Some animals, such as birds and mammals, mate for life. Others, such as fish and insects, mate for a single season or even for a single encounter.
In plants, the process of mating is called pollination. Pollination is the process of transferring pollen from the male parts of a plant to the female parts. The pollen contains the plant's genetic material, which is passed on to the offspring.
Pollination can be done by wind, water, or insects. Some plants have special structures that help them to attract insects, such as flowers with bright colours and sweet smells. The insects are attracted to the flowers and then carry the pollen to other plants.
How can the word be used?
The two friends are inseparable and are always mates.
Different forms of the word
Noun:
- A partner in marriage or a long-term relationship.
- A fellow worker or companion.
- A male or female animal that is paired with another animal for breeding.
Verb:
- To join or pair with another person or animal for breeding.
- To become friends or companions with someone.
Adjective:
- Suitable or appropriate for someone or something.
Etymology
The word "mate" comes from the Old English word "mætan", which means "to meet".
The word "mate" was first used in English in the 13th century. It was originally used to describe a partner in marriage or a long-term relationship, but it soon came to be used in a more general sense to describe anyone who was paired with someone else for any reason.
Question
What is a mate?
AQA Science Exam Question and Answer
Question:
Explain the concept of mate selection and the factors that influence it in the animal kingdom. Provide examples of different mate selection mechanisms and their significance in ensuring species survival.
Answer:
Mate selection is a crucial process in the animal kingdom that determines which individuals will reproduce together. It plays a pivotal role in maintaining genetic diversity and ensuring the survival of a species. Several factors influence mate selection, including physical traits, behaviour, and environmental conditions.
Animals often choose mates based on advantageous traits that can improve their offspring's fitness. This might include vibrant plumage in birds, impressive antlers in deer, or intricate courtship dances in insects. These traits signal the individual's health, strength, or genetic fitness, making them more attractive to potential partners.
Furthermore, behaviours such as vocalisations or complex courtship rituals can also be key elements in mate selection. For example, the elaborate dances of birds like the peacock or the intricate songs of frogs help attract mates and demonstrate the individual's vitality and suitability for reproduction.
In some cases, environmental factors like resource availability and territoriality also impact mate selection. Animals might choose partners based on their ability to provide resources or defend a territory, which ultimately contributes to the survival of their offspring.
Mate selection mechanisms vary widely across species, but their significance remains consistent – they contribute to genetic diversity, adaptability, and overall species survival. By choosing mates with favourable traits or behaviours, animals increase the chances of producing healthy and successful offspring, which are better equipped to thrive in their respective environments.