feather
Definition
Feathers are lightweight, flexible structures that cover the bodies of birds. They are made up of keratin, the same material that makes up hair and nails in humans.
Feathers have evolved over time to help birds with a variety of tasks, including:
- Flying: Feathers are lightweight and aerodynamic, which makes them ideal for flying. The shape and structure of feathers also help to create lift, which is the force that allows birds to stay in the air.
- Staying warm: Feathers trap air, which helps to insulate birds and keep them warm. This is especially important in cold climates.
- Protecting themselves from the sun: Feathers can help to protect birds from the sun's harmful rays. The melanin in feathers absorbs UV radiation, which can damage skin.
- Communicating with each other: Birds use feathers to communicate with each other in a variety of ways. For example, they may fan their feathers to show dominance or aggression, or they may fluff their feathers to make themselves look larger.
How can the word be used?
A feather is a thin, flexible structure that grows on the wings and tails of birds.
Different forms of the word
Noun: feather, plume, quill.
Adjective: feathery, downy, fluffy.
Verb: to feather, to feather one's nest, to feather a bed.
Etymology
The word "feather" comes from the Old English word feder, which means "feather." It was first used in English in the 7th century, and it is still used today to refer to a thin, flexible structure that grows on the wings and tails of birds.
Question
Use the word feather in a sentence as an adjective.
AQA Science Exam Question and Answer
Question:
Explain the structure and functions of feathers in birds. Describe how feathers contribute to flight, insulation, and display behaviours in various bird species. Provide real-life examples of bird adaptations related to their feathers.
Answer:
Feathers are unique adaptations in birds that serve multiple functions. Structurally, feathers consist of a central shaft with barbs branching out on either side. The barbs have smaller branches called barbules that interlock, giving feathers their flat and aerodynamic shape, essential for flight.
Flight feathers, located on the wings and tail, provide lift and manoeuvrability during flight. Insulating feathers, like down feathers, trap air to regulate body temperature, keeping birds warm in cold environments.
Feathers also play a role in display behaviours, especially during courtship rituals and territorial displays. Vibrant colours and elaborate patterns in feathers help attract mates and establish dominance.
For example, the male peacock's extravagant tail feathers are a striking display adaptation, attracting females and deterring rivals. In contrast, the rock ptarmigan, a bird that lives in cold regions, changes the colour of its feathers from brown in summer to white in winter to blend with its surroundings, providing camouflage from predators.
In conclusion, feathers are versatile structures that enable birds to perform essential functions like flight, insulation, and display behaviours. Their diversity and adaptations showcase the fascinating ways in which birds have evolved to thrive in different environments.