crystals
Definition
A crystal is a solid substance in which atoms or molecules are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern. This regular arrangement is called a lattice. The lattice is what gives crystals their characteristic shape and properties.
There are many different types of crystals, each with its own unique properties. Some common crystals include:
- Quartz: This is a clear, colourless crystal that is often used in jewellery.
- Salt: This is a white crystal that is used in cooking and food preservation.
- Sugar: This is a white crystal that is used in baking and food sweetening.
- Diamond: This is a clear, colourless crystal that is the hardest natural substance known.
Crystals are formed when atoms or molecules are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern. This can happen in nature, or it can be done artificially.
Natural crystals are formed when molten rock cools and solidifies. The atoms or molecules in the molten rock arrange themselves in a regular pattern as the rock cools.
Artificial crystals can be made by melting a substance and then cooling it slowly. The atoms or molecules in the substance will arrange themselves in a regular pattern as the substance cools.
Crystals are used in a variety of applications, including:
- Jewellery: Crystals are often used in jewellery because they are beautiful and durable.
- Electronics: Crystals are used in electronics because they have special properties that make them useful for making oscillators and filters.
- Medicine: Crystals are used in medicine because they can be used to make drugs and other medical products.
- Crystals are a fascinating and versatile material. They have a wide range of applications, and they are still being studied by scientists today.
How can the word be used?
A crystal is a solid substance with a regular arrangement of atoms or molecules.
Different forms of the word
Noun: crystal.
Adjective: crystalline.
Verb: crystallize, crystallized, crystallizing.
Adverb: crystallographically.
Pronoun: crystal.
Etymology
The word “crystal” comes from the Greek word “krustallos,” which means “ice” or “ice-like.” This word was borrowed into Latin as “crystallus,” which was used to refer to any clear, transparent substance. The word “crystal” first appeared in English in the 14th century, and it originally referred to rock crystal. The meaning of the word has evolved over time, and it now refers to any solid substance with a regular arrangement of atoms or molecules.
Question
What can crystals be used for?
AQA Science Exam Question and Answer
Question:
Crystals are captivating structures found in nature and have various applications in everyday life. Discuss the formation process of crystals and explain one significant application of crystals in modern technology.
Answer:
Formation of Crystals:
Crystals are formed when atoms, molecules, or ions arrange themselves in a repeating pattern to create a solid structure with well-defined geometric shapes. The formation process typically begins with a nucleation step, where the first particles come together to form a tiny crystal nucleus. As more particles adhere to the nucleus, the crystal grows, and its characteristic structure develops.
Application of Crystals in Modern Technology:
One significant application of crystals in modern technology is their use in quartz crystal oscillators. These devices utilise the unique property of quartz crystals to vibrate at a precise frequency when an electric current is applied. The vibrations are incredibly stable and act as highly accurate timekeepers.
Quartz crystal oscillators are found in various electronic devices, including watches, clocks, computers, and communication equipment. They provide precise timing and frequency references, essential for maintaining synchronisation and accuracy in electronic circuits.
In summary, crystals form through a specific process of nucleation and growth, resulting in their well-defined structures. One crucial application of crystals in modern technology is their use in quartz crystal oscillators, which serve as reliable timekeepers and frequency references in electronic devices.